Safety of Minimally Invasive Surgery Using Endoscopic Stapler in Early Stage Cervical Cancer Patients (SOLUTION)

Cervical cancer is the 4th most common gynecologic cancer and treatment in early stages consists of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Surgical methods are simple or radical hysterectomy and pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection either done in an open manner or minimally invasive surgery (robotic or laparoscopic). However, a phase III cinical trial in 2018 comparing the safety and efficacy between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery in performing radical hysterectomy, 'Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer' (LACC), showed that open surgery is safer than minimally invasive surgery. Possible causes of such results are as follows:

1. Carbon dioxide is supplied during laparoscopic operations to maintain capnoperitoneum, which can cause the implantation and proliferation of tumor cells exposed to the peritoneal cavity. 2. Insertions of uterine manipulators into the endometrial cavity is commonly done, which can cause tumor cells to travel to both salpinges. 3. Tumor cells can be exposed to the peritoneal cavity when the cervix is exposed during intracorporeal colpotomy. 4. Tumor cells exposed to the peritoneal cavity can travel upwards when the patient's position is maintained in the Trendelenburg position during minimally invasive operations, leading to distant metastasis.

Based on the above-mentioned hypothesis, the following methods could be applied to minimize the exposure of tumor cells to the peritoneal cavity.

1. The application of a vaginal tube instead of a uterine manipulator to prevent tumor cells from traveling to the salpinges. 2. The ligation of both salpinges prior to insertion of a vaginal tube to block the travel of tumor cells. 3. The performance of extracorporeal colpotomy instead to prevent the exposure of tumor cells inside the peritoneal cavity.

Although it would be favorable to perform all the forementioned methods, extracorporeal colpotomy is difficult to perform especially in menopausal patients with atrophic vaginitis or patients with no sexual experience. Thus, an alternative method is to use an endoscopic stapler which can simultaneously cut and suture the cervix into a vaginal stump, which can prevent tumor cells from being exposed to the peritoneal cavity.

In conclusion, this clinical trial aims to show the efficacy and safety of performing radical hysterectomy by minimally invasive surgery using an endoscopic stapler in patients with cervical cancer stage IB1 (FIGO staging 2009) and thus to prove that minimally invasive surgery is non-inferior to open surgery.