Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trial: An Opportunity to Prevent Dementia. A Study of Potential Disease Modifying Treatments in Individuals at Risk for or With a Type of Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease Caused by a Genetic Mutation. Master Protocol DIAN-TU-001

This study will recruit participants from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) observational study, a multicenter international study supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant Number U01-AG032438; RJ Bateman), Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trial Units (DIAN-TU) sites, DIAN-TU partner sites, DIAN Expanded Registry (DIAN-EXR), and families identified by the sites. As part of the DIAN-TU-001 protocol, participants undergo longitudinal assessments that include clinical assessment, cognitive testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Participants in DIAN are recruited from families that have at least one member who has been identified as having a mutation linked to dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease (DIAD). The mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) that are associated with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease have very high penetrance (near 100%). This study enrolls individuals who are either known to have a disease-causing mutation or who are at risk for such a mutation (the descendant or sibling of a proband with a known mutation) and unaware of their genetic status. Because the age at onset of cognitive changes is relatively consistent within each family and with each mutation, an age at onset is determined for each affected parent or mutation as part of the DIAN Observational (DIAN-OBS) study protocol. This study will enroll participants who are either asymptomatic and are within a specific window of time of expected age at onset for their family and/or mutation or who have symptoms of mild Alzheimer's disease.

The ability to identify individuals destined to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) and predict the age of onset with a high degree of confidence provides a unique opportunity to assess the efficacy of therapies at asymptomatic and very early stages of dementia. Families with known disease-causing mutations are extremely rare and are geographically dispersed throughout the world. These constraints necessitate a specialized study design. Many of the participants in this study will not yet have any cognitive symptoms of AD; they will be "asymptomatic" carriers of mutations that cause dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease and would be expected to perform normally on standard cognitive and functional testing. Imaging and fluid biomarkers will be used to demonstrate that the treatment compounds have engaged their therapeutic targets. A set of cognitive measures designed to assess the very earliest and most subtle cognitive changes will be collected. Additionally, because many at-risk individuals decide not to know whether they have the disease-associated mutation or not, when allowable in individual drug arms, some of the at-risk individuals enrolled in this study will not have the disease-causing mutations; they will be "mutation negative". It is important to enroll these participants to avoid coercion (e.g., potential participants may be pressured into genetic testing to learn their genetic status in order to be eligible for the trial) unless the drug-specific design includes open-label treatment. These mutation negative individuals will be assigned to the placebo group and data will be used to determine normal ranges of outcome measures. Participants and site study staff will remain blinded as to these individuals' active or placebo group assignment and mutation status. Thus, the study will be double-blinded for placebo and for mutation status, except for mutation positive participants who are aware of their genetic status. There may be exceptional circumstances when required by local regulation or health authorities where enrollment may be restricted to mutation carriers only, but such mandates will be thoroughly documented and agreed upon by the governing regulatory agency and sponsor.